What is the most common cause of chest pain that is not cardiac in origin?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is recognized as the most common non-cardiac cause of chest pain. This condition involves the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and discomfort in the chest area. The pain can mimic that of cardiac origins, which often leads to difficulty in distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies of chest pain.

GERD-related chest pain typically worsens after eating, when lying down, or during physical activity, which can help differentiate it from more serious conditions. The prevalence of GERD in the general population contributes to its status as a common cause of non-cardiac chest pain, making it essential for healthcare providers to recognize and manage it effectively.

In contrast, while conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and aortic dissection can also cause chest pain, they are less common causes. Pneumonia can lead to pleuritic chest pain and is usually accompanied by respiratory symptoms. Pulmonary embolism can cause acute chest pain but is often associated with a rapid onset of symptoms including shortness of breath. Aortic dissection, although it can also cause severe chest pain, is a medical emergency and is less