In managing a patient with severe asthma, what is the role of corticosteroids?

Corticosteroids play a crucial role in managing patients with severe asthma primarily due to their ability to reduce inflammation in the airways. In asthma, inflammation contributes significantly to airway hyperresponsiveness, leading to obstacles in the airway passages and causing difficulty in breathing. By administering corticosteroids, the inflammatory response is inhibited, which results in a decrease in airway edema, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction. This reduction in inflammation allows for improved airflow and decreases the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations.

The immediate action of corticosteroids does not provide pain relief, nor do they directly influence fluid retention or assist in modifying respiratory rate. Instead, their long-term use is vital in controlling chronic inflammation and preventing acute exacerbations, thus playing an essential role in asthma management.